Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in various organisms, notably in plants and microorganisms. Chemically known as 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, Initially identified in bacteria as a cofactor for certain dehydrogenases, it plays a key role in redox reactions.

PQQ is widely present in numerous plants, including kiwi, green tea, spinach, carrots, potatoes, and bananas. Its concentration in these plants is typically low (nanomolar to micromolar levels) but sufficient to contribute to metabolic processes. PQQ is found in plant leaves, roots, and fruits, potentially aiding in antioxidant defense and energy metabolism. Additionally, PQQ is detected in fermented foods like natto and tofu, as well as certain fungi such as mushrooms, highlighting its significance in microbial metabolism.

Its natural occurrence makes PQQ a popular raw material for dietary supplements, often extracted and purified through bacterial fermentation to meet food-grade or pharmaceutical standards. PQQ’s stability and presence in nature also suggest potential applications in agriculture and the food industry, such as plant growth promoters or food additives.

In the microscopic world of life, coenzymes play a crucial and fundamental role. They assist enzymes in various chemical reactions, which is essential for maintaining the normal physiological functions of organisms. PQQ, namely pyrroloquinoline quinone, is one of them. It has a unique structure and powerful functions, playing an irreplaceable role in numerous biological processes.

In terms of energy metabolism, mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses of the cell". PQQ plays a vital role in the growth, development and function maintenance of mitochondria. It can stimulate the rapid growth of human cells, support the biosynthesis of mitochondria, increase the number and activity of mitochondria, and enhance the energy metabolism efficiency of cells. Research shows that supplementing PQQ can significantly increase the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the "energy currency" of cells) within cells. This makes cells full of vitality, providing sufficient energy for various organs and tissues in the body, making people energetic and relieving fatigue.

The main functions of PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) focus on two key aspects: one is mitochondrial function support, and the other is potent antioxidant capacity.

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1. Mitochondrial Function Support​

1.1 Enhancing Energy Levels and Combating Fatigue​

For individuals who experience chronic fatigue due to high-pressure work or a fast-paced lifestyle, PQQ boosts cellular energy production by enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby increasing energy levels and effectively alleviating fatigue. For example, office workers who take PQQ dietary supplements daily can maintain a good mental state during long work hours, reducing drowsiness and weakness.

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1.2 Improving Athletic Performance and Recovery​

During high-intensity training or exercise, athletes or fitness enthusiasts experience a sharp increase in energy demand in muscle cells, which places greater strain on mitochondria. PQQ helps enhance mitochondrial function in muscle cells, improving exercise endurance while accelerating post-exercise fatigue recovery. Studies have shown that athletes supplementing with PQQ exhibit more significant improvements in endurance performance during training, with shorter recovery times for post-exercise muscle soreness and fatigue.

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2. Potent Antioxidant Capacity​

2.1 Anti-Aging Effects​

Oxidative stress is one of the key factors contributing to bodily aging. PQQ continuously scavenges free radicals, reduces oxidative damage to cells and tissues, and slows down the aging process at the cellular level. Individuals who take PQQ supplements long-term tend to have firmer, more radiant skin, reduced wrinkle formation, and better maintenance of overall physical functions in a youthful state.

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2.2 Protecting Cardiovascular Health​

Free radical-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells and lipid peroxidation are critical links in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Through its antioxidant effect, PQQ preserves the integrity of vascular endothelial cells, reduces the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood, and lowers the risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Additionally, it inhibits platelet aggregation and reduces the likelihood of thrombosis, thereby comprehensively safeguarding cardiovascular health and decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

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2.3 Liver Protection​

As a vital metabolic organ in the human body, the liver is vulnerable to damage from factors such as drugs, alcohol, and toxins, which trigger excessive free radical production. PQQ effectively scavenges excess free radicals in the liver, alleviates oxidative stress-induced damage to hepatocytes, and promotes hepatocyte repair and regeneration. It provides protective and ameliorative effects against alcohol-induced liver injury and drug-induced liver injury, maintaining the liver’s normal metabolic and detoxification functions.

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2.4 Improving Cognitive Function​

In the nervous system, free radical attacks on nerve cells lead to neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, which are closely associated with cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Leveraging its antioxidant capacity, PQQ reduces oxidative damage to nerve cells, inhibits neuroinflammatory responses, and promotes the growth and repair of nerve cells. Simultaneously, it stimulates the production of nerve growth factors, enhances connections and signal transmission between neurons, and improves memory, attention, and mental agility. It demonstrates significant effects in preventing and alleviating cognitive decline, making it particularly suitable for middle-aged and elderly individuals as well as those engaged in long-term mental work.